![]() The victim receives a genuine password reset email directly from the website. When submitting the form, they intercept the resulting HTTP request and modify the Host header so that it points to a domain that they control. The attacker obtains the victim's email address or username, as required, and submits a password reset request on their behalf. If the URL that is sent to the user is dynamically generated based on controllable input, such as the Host header, it may be possible to construct a password reset poisoning attack as follows: How to construct a password reset poisoning attack Password reset poisoning is a method of stealing this token in order to change another user's password. However, its security relies on the principle that only the intended user has access to their email inbox and, therefore, to their unique token. This process is simple enough and relatively secure in comparison to some other approaches. If everything is as expected, the user is given the option to enter a new password. When the user visits this URL, the website checks whether the provided token is valid and uses it to determine which account is being reset. The user's unique reset token is included as a query parameter in the corresponding URL: The website sends an email to the user that contains a link for resetting their password. The website checks that this user exists and then generates a temporary, unique, high-entropy token, which it associates with the user's account on the back-end. The user enters their username or email address and submits a password reset request. One of the most common approaches goes something like this: There are several ways of doing this, with varying degrees of security and practicality. Virtually all websites that require a login also implement functionality that allows users to reset their password if they forget it. ![]() We will now copy the startup-configuration to the running-configuration ourselves.This technique was first documented in 2013 by our Director of Research, James Kettle.Ĭheck out our Research page for full write-ups and video presentations of more innovative techniques discovered by James and the rest of the team. Great! We now have full access to the router and it didn’t prompt for a password. We will now go to enable mode: Router> enable Just type no and you will end up at the command-line. Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? : noīecause the router is not loading its startup-configuration it will show you the wizard that is shown when there is no configuration. The router will boot and load its IOS image, once it’s ready you will see the following wizard: - System Configuration Dialog. Program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0x38bbd64 Program load complete, entry point: 0x8000f000, size: 0xcb80 Main memory is configured to 64 bit mode with ECC enabled The router is nice enough to tell us we should reboot so let’s follow its advice: rommon 2 > resetĬ2811 platform with 786432 Kbytes of main memory ![]() This tells the router to ignore the startup-configuration when booting. We set the configuration-register to 0x2142 with the confreg command. You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect Here’s how to do it: rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142 This is exactly what we want because it means it will also not load the password that we configured (and forgot). We can only configure a couple of items here, one of the things we can do is tell the router to ignore it’s startup-configuration when booting the IOS image. This tells us that we are in ROMMON mode. ![]() Here’s what it looks like: Readonly ROMMON initialized ROMMON is like a mini operating system that helps to initialize the hardware and boots the Cisco IOS. When the router accepts your BREAK it will head into ROMMON mode. If this doesn’t work you can try some of the other methods that are described here. If you are using Windows and Putty you can probably use the CTRL-BREAK combination to send a break signal. This tells the router to ignore loading the IOS (Cisco’s Operating System). Reboot the router (just hit the power switch) and send the BREAK signal. To fix this problem you need to connect your router to the console port, you can’t do this remotely through telnet or SSH. Ouch…bad secrets means we didn’t type the correct password. This only applies to routers, if you need to reset the password for a switch then you need another lesson. Whatever the reason, let me show you how to reset the password of your Cisco router. Maybe you need to reset the password of a router you didn’t configure… It happens to the best of us, you are doing some labs and forgot what password you set for enable mode…perhaps another student was working on the router before and you have no idea what password he picked.
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